Geology is a technology available from the beginning of the game. Each level enhance buildings related to the extraction or production of iron, titanium, uranium, sand, graphite and oil (when these resources are available).
The level 3 allows titanium and uranium extraction through the Metal Collector, while the level 4 allows sand extraction with the Sand Quarry.
The first level unlock Material Science technology, while the level 17 is needed to unlock Vulcanology technology, after Lone Nassaus conquest.